Here we have described in detail the various topics that you should cover in the NEET 2012 Chemistry syllabus:   

                                               Chemistry Class XI Syllabus for NEET 2012

UNIT I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Details:-

• General Introduction: Important and scope of chemistry.
• Laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory: concept of elements,atoms and molecules.
• Atomic and molecular masses. Mole concept and molar mass; percentagecomposition and empirical and molecular formula; chemical reactions,stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.

UNIT II: Structure of Atom
Details:-?
Atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Concept of shells and subshells, dual natureof matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle,concept of orbital, quantum numbers, shapes of s,p and d orbitals, rules for fillingelectrons in orbitals- Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principles and Hund’srule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completelyfilled orbitals.

UNIT III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Details:-
Modern periodic law and long form of periodic table, periodic trends in propertiesof elements- atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy,electronegativity, valence.

UNIT IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Details:-
Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure,polar character of covalent bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry ofmolecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitalsand shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonucleardiatomic molecules (qualitative idea only). Hydrogen bond.

UNIT V: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
Details:-

• Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting andboiling points, role of gas laws of elucidating the concept of the molecule,Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, ideal behaviour ofgases, empirical derivation of gas equation. Avogadro number, ideal gas equation.Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea), deviation from idealbehaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature.
• Liquid State- Vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative ideaonly, no mathematical derivations).

UNIT VI : Thermodynamics
Details:-

• First law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity andspecific heat, measurement of U and H, Hess’s law of constant heatsummation, enthalpy of : bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization,sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution.
• Introduction of entropy as state function, Second law of thermodynamics, Gibbsenergy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, criteria forequilibrium and spontaneity.
• Third law of thermodynamics- Brief introduction.

UNIT VII: Equilibrium
Details:-
Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium,law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium-Le Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strongand weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, acidstrength, concept of pH., Hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea)., buffer solutions,Henderson equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrativeexamples).

UNIT VIII: Redox Reactions
Details:-
Concept of oxidation and oxidation and reduction, redox reactions oxidationnumber, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron andchange in oxidation numbers.

UNIT IX: Hydrogen
Details:-
Occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; hydridesionic,covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water, heavywater; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, uses and structure;

UNIT X: s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals)
Details:-

• Group I and group 2 elements:
• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous propertiesof the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in the variation ofproperties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemicalreactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens; uses.
• Preparation and Properties of Some important Compounds:
• Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodiumhydrogencarbonate, biological importance of sodium and potassium.
• Industrial use of lime and limestone, biological importance of Mg and Ca.

UNIT XI: Some p-Block Elements
Details:-

• General Introduction to p-Block Elements.
• Group 13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalousproperties of first element of the group; Boron, some important compounds:borax, boric acids, boron hydrides. Aluminium: uses, reactions with acids andalkalies.
• General 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalousbehaviour of first element. Carbon, allotropic forms, physical and chemicalproperties: uses of some important compounds: oxides.
• Important compounds of silicon and a few uses: silicon tetrachloride, silicones,silicates and zeolites, their uses.

UNIT XII: Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Details:-

• General introduction, methods of purification qualitative and quantitativeanalysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.
• Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect,resonance and hyper conjugation.
• Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radials, carbocations,carbanions; electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.

UNIT XIII: Hydrocarbons
Details:-

• Alkanes- Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physicalproperties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation,combustion and pyrolysis.
• Alkenes-Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism,physical properties, methods of preparation: chemical reactions: addition ofhydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition andperoxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
• Alkynes-Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties,methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, additionreaction of- hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
• Aromatic hydrocarbons- Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene; resonance,aromaticity; chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution-Nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation;directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene;carcinogenicity and toxicity.

UNIT XIV: Environmental Chemistry
Details:-
Environmental pollution: Air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions inatmosphere, smogs, major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain ozone and itsreactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and globalwarming-pollution due to industrial wastes; green chemistry as an alternative toolfor reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution.



                              Chemistry Class XII Syllabus for NEET 2012


UNIT I: Solid State
Details:-
Classification of solids based on different binding forces; molecular, ioniccovalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea),unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of densityof unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unitcell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, Bandtheory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

UNIT II: Solutions
Details:-
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids,solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties- relativelowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point, depressionof freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses usingcolligative properties abnormal molecular mass. Van Hoff factor.

UNIT III: Electrochemistry
Details:-
Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molarconductivity variation of conductivity with concentration, kohlrausch’s Law,electrolysis and Laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell- electrolytic cellsand Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential,Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion.

UNIT IV: Chemical Kinetics
Details:-
Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction;concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate lawand specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero andfirst order reactions); concept of collision theory ( elementary idea, nomathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenious equation.

UNIT V: Surface Chemistry
Details:-
Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gaseson solids, catalysis homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity:enzyme catalysis; colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids andsuspensions; lyophillic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids;properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis,coagulation; emulsions- types of emulsions.

UNIT VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
Details:-
Principles and methods of extraction- concentration, oxidation, reductionelectrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction ofaluminium, copper, zinc and iron.

UNIT VII: p- Block Elements
Details:-

• Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; preparation andproperties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only);Phosphorous- allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorous: preparation andproperties of phosphine, halides (PCI3, PCI5) and oxoacids (elementary ideaonly).
• Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidationstates, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen:preparation, properties and uses; classification of oxides; ozone. Sulphur –allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: preparation, preparation, properties anduses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture,properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only).
• Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidationstates, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds ofhalogens: preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid,interhalogen compounds oxoacids of halogens (structures only).
• Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.

UNIT VIII: d and f Block Elements
Details:-

• General introduction, electronic configuration, characteristics of transition metals,general trends in properties of the first row transition metals- metallic character,ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property,magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation andproperties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
• Lanthanoids- electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, andlanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
• Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.

UNIT IX: Coordination Compounds
Details:-
Coordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour,magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclearcoordination compounds, isomerism (structural and stereo) bonding, Werner’stheory VBT,CFT; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis,biological systems).

UNIT X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Details:-

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C –X bond, physical and chemicalproperties, mechanism of substitution reactions. Optical rotation.
• Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence ofhalogen for monosubstituted compounds only).
• Uses and environment effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane,tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

UNIT XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Details:-

• Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemicalproperties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary andtertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference tomethanol and ethanol.
• Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemicalproperties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses ofphenols.
• Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical propertiesuses.

UNIT XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Details:-

• Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods ofpreparation, physical and chemical properties; and mechanism of nucleophilicaddition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses.
• Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physicaland chemical properties; uses.

UNIT XIII: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Details:-

• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physicaland chemical properties, uses, identification of primary secondary and tertiaryamines.
• Cyanides and Isocyanides- will be mentioned at relevant places.
• Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in syntheticorganic chemistry.

UNIT XIV: Biomolecules
Details:-

• Carbohydrates- Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucoseand fructose), D.L. configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose),polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen): importance.
• Proteins- Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins,primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure(qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes.
• Hormones- Elementary idea (excluding structure).
• Vitamins- Classification and function.?
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

UNIT XV: Polymers
Details:-
Classification- Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition andcondensation), copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural andsynthetic like polyesters, bakelite; rubber, Biodegradable and non-biodegradablepolymers.

UNIT XVI: Chemistry in Everyday Life
Details:-

• Chemicals in medicines- analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants,antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.
• Chemicals in food- preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary ideaof antioxidants.
• Cleansing agents- soaps and detergents, cleansing action.

NEET 2012: Physics & Biology Syllabus

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