There are 30 languages from which you can choose any one. This paper is of 300 marks in the Civil Services (Mains) exam 2012. The subjects are:

Arabic, Assamese, Bodo, Bengali, Chinese, Dogri, English, French, German, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi,Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.

The syllabus of these languages in detail:

             ** ARABIC **

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Arabic)
Section-A
(a) Origin and development of the language-an outline.
(b) Significant features of the grammar of the language, Rhetorics, Prosody.
(c) Short Essay in Arabic.

Section-B
Literary History and Literary Criticism :
Socio-Cultural Background, Classical literature, literary movements, modern trends, origin and development of modern prose : drama, novel, short story, essay.

PAPER-II

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability. Answers must be written in Arabic.

Section-A

POETS :
1. Imraul Qais : Qifa Nabke Min Zikra Habibin Wa Manzili (complete) Al Muallaqatus Saba
2. Hassan bin Thabit : Lillahi Darru Isabatin Nadamtuhum (complete) Diwan Hassan Bin Thabit
3. Jarir Nukhbatul Adab: Hayyu Umamata Wazkuru Ahdan Mada To Jalbas Sifahi Wa Damiatin Bikila Deptt. of Arabic, A.M.U.Aligarh
4. Farzdaq : Hazal Lazi Tariful Bathao-Watatuhu (complete) Majmuatun Minan Nazmi-Wan Nasr, Jamia Salafiah, Varanasi
5. Al Mutanabbi : Ya Ukhta Khair-e-Akhin Ya Binta Khair-e-Abin Aqamahul Fikru Bainal Ijze-Wattaabi Nukhbatul Adab, Deptt. of Arabic, A.M.U. Alig.
6. Abul Ala Al-Maarri : Ala Fi Sabil Majdi Ma Ana Faailu To Wa Ya Nafsu Jiddi Inna Dahraki Hazilu Majmuatul Minan Nazmi-Wan Nasr, Jamia Salafia, Varanasi
7. Shauqi : Wulidal Huda Falkainatu Diau To Makhtara Illa Dinakal Fuqarau; Salamun Neeli Ya Ghandi (complete); Shauqiat
8. Hafiz Ibrahim: Rajatu Linafsi Fattahamtu Hasati (complete) Nukhbatul Adab
9. Ilya Abu Madi : Damatun Kharsao (complete), Mukhtarat Minal Sher Al Arabi Al Hadith, M.M. Badwi

Section-B

(A) AUTHORS
Authors Books Lessons
1. Ibnul Muqaffa Kalilah Wa Dimnah Al Asad Wal Thaur
2. Al-Jahiz Mukhtarat Min Adabil Arab Bakhilun Hakim (complete) Part II By : S.A. Hasan Ali Nadwi
3. Ibn Khaldun Muqaddamah Araun Fit Talim (complete)
4. Mahmud Taimur Qalar Rawi A m Mutawalli (complete)
5. Taufiqual Hakim Masrahiyat Sirrul Muntahira (complete)
6. Abbas Mahmud Aqqad Mukhtarat Min Adabil Arab-II Assiddiq (complete)

(B) STUDY OF INDIAN AUTHORS
1. Ghulam Ali Azad Bilgrami
2. Shah Walullah Dehlavi
3. Zulfiqar Ali Deobandl
4. Abdul Aziz Meman
5. Syed Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi

            ** ASSAMESE **

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Assamese)

Section-A: Language

(a) History of the origin and development of the Assamese language-its position among the Indo-Aryan Languages periods in its history.
(b) Developments of Assamese prose.
(c) Vowels and consonants of the Assamese languages-rules of phonetic changes with stress on Assamese coming down from Old Indo-Aryan.
(d) Assamese vocabulary-and its sources.
(e) Morphology of the language-conjugation-enclitic definitives and pleonastic suffixes.
(f) Dialectical divergences-the standard colloquial and the Kamrupi dialect in particulars.
(g) Assamese scripts-its evolution through the ages till 19th century A.D.

Section-B: Literary Criticism and Literary History

(a) Principles of Literary criticism upto New criticism.
(b) Different literary genres.
(c) Development of literary forms in Assamese.
(d) Development of literary criticism in Assamese.
(e) Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, i.e. from the period of the charyyageets with their socio-cultural background : the proto Assamese-Pre-SankaradevaSankaradeva-post SankaradevaModern period (from the coming of the Britishers)-Post-Independence period. Special emphasis is to be given on the Vaisnavite period, the gonaki and the post-Independence period.

PAPER-II

This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the
candidates’ critical ability. Answers must be written in Assamese

Section-A

• Rãmãyana (Ayodhya Kãnda only)-by Madhava Kandali.
• Pãrijãt-Harana-by Sankaradeva.
• Rãsakrïdã-by Sankaradeva (From Kirtana Ghosa).
• Bargeet-by Madhavadeva
• Rãjasûya-by Madhavadeva.
• Kãthã-Bhãgavata (Books I and II)-by Baikunthanath Bhattacharyya.
• Gurucarit-Kathã (Sankaradeva’s Part only)-ed. by Maheswar Neog.

Section-B

• Mor Jeevan Soñwaran-by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
• Kripãbar Barbaruãr Kãkatar Topola-by Lakshminath Bezbaroa
• Pratimã-by Chandra Kumar Agarwalla.
• Gãoñburhã-by Padmanath Gohain Barua.
• Monamatî-by Rajanikanta Bordoloi.
• Purani Asamîyã Sãhitya-by Banikanta Kakati.
• Kãrengar Ligirî-by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla
• Jeevanar Bãtat-by Bina Barwa (Birinchi Kumar Barua)
• Mrityunjoy-by Birendrakumar Bhattacharyya
• Samrãt-by Navakanta Barua

            ** BENGALI **

PAPER-I

History of Language and Literature.

Answers must be written in Bengali.

Section-A

Topics from the History of Bangla language

1. The chronological track from Proto Indo-European to Bangla (Family tree with branches and approximate dates).
2. Historical stages of Bangla (Old, Middle, New) and their linguistic features.
3. Dialects of Bangla and their distinguishing characteristics.
4. Elements of Bangla Vocabulary.
5. Forms of Bangla Literary Prose-Sadhu and Chalit.
6. Processes of language change relevant for Bangla. Apinihiti (Anaptyxis), Abhishruti (umlaut), Murdhanyibhavan (cerebralization), Nasikyibhavan (Nasalization), Samibhavan (Assimilation), Sadrishya (Analogy), Svaragama (Vowel insertion)-Adi Svaragama, Madhya Svaragama or Svarabhakti, Antya Svaragama, Svarasangati (Vowel hormony), yshruti and w-shruti.
7. Problems of standardization and reform of alphabet and spelling, and those of transliteration and Romanization.
8. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax of Modern Bangla. (Sounds of Modern Bangla, Conjuncts; word formations, compounds; basic sentence patterns.)

Section-B

Topics from the History of Bangla Literature.

1. Periodization of Bangla Literature : Old Bangla and Middle Bangla.
2. Points of difference between modern and pre-modern Bangla Literature
3. Roots and reasons behind the emergence of modernity in Bangla Literature.
4. Evolution of various Middle Bangla forms : Mangal kavyas, Vaishnava lyrics, Adapted narratives (Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavata) and religious biographies.
5. Secular forms in middle Bangla literature.
6. Narrative and lyric trends in the nineteenth century Bangla poetry.
7. Development of prose.
8. Bangla dramatic literature (nineteenth century, Tagore, Post-1944 Bangla drama).
9. Tagore and post-Tagoreans.
10. Fiction, major authors :(Bankimchandra, Tagore, Saratchandra, Bibhutibusan, Tarasankar, Manik).
11. Women and Bangla literature : creators and created.

PAPER-II

Prescribed texts for close study.

Answers must be written in Bengali.
Section-A
1. Vaishnava Padavali (Calcutta University) Poems of Vidyapati, Chandidas, Jnanadas, Govindadas and Balaramdas.
2. Chandimangal Kalketu episode by Mukunda (Sahitya Akademi).
3. Chaitanya Charitamrita Madya Lila, by Krishnadas Kaviraj (Sahitya Akademi).
4. Meghnadbadh Kavya by Madhusudan Dutta.
5. Kapalkundala by Bankimchandra Chattarjee.
6. Samya and Bangadesher Krishak by Bankimchandra Chatterjee.
7. Sonar Tari by Rabindranath Tagore.
8. Chhinnapatravali by Rabindranath Tagore.
Section-B
9. Raktakarabi by Rabindranath Tagore.
10. Nabajatak by Rabindranath Tagore.
11. Grihadaha by Saratchandra Chatterjee.
12. Prabandha Samgraha Vol. 1, by Pramatha Choudhuri.
13. Aranyak by Bibhutibhusan Banerjee
14. Short stories by Manik Bandyopadhyay : Atashi Mami, Pragaitihasik, Holud-Pora, Sarisrip, Haraner Natjamai, Chhoto-Bokulpurer Jatri, Kustharogir Bou, Jakey Ghush Ditey Hoy.
15. Shrestha Kavita by Jibanananda Das.
16. Jagori by Satinath Bhaduri.
17. Ebam Indrajit by Badal Sircar.

           ** BODO **

PAPER-I

History of Bodo Language and Literature

(Answers must be written in Bodo)

Section-A

History of Bodo Language

1. Homeland, language family, its present status and its mutual contact with Assamese.
2. (a) Phonemes : Vowel and Consonant Phonemes (b) Tones.
3. Morphology : Gender, Case & Case endings, Plural suffix, Definitives, Verbal suffix.
4. Vocabulary and its sources.
5. Syntax : Types of sentences, Word Order.
6. History of Scripts used in writing Bodo Language since inception.

Section-B

History of Bodo Literature

1. General introduction of Bodo folk literature.
2. Contribution of the Missionaries.
3. Periodization of Bodo Literature.
4. Critical analysis of different genre (Poetry, Novel, Short Story and Drama)
5. Translation Literature.

Paper-II

The Paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidates.

(Answers must be written in Bodo)

Section-A

(a) Khonthai-Methai (Edited by Madaram Brahma & Rupnath Brahma).
(b) Hathorkhi-Hala (Edited by Pramod Chandra Brahma)
(c) Boroni Gudi Sibsa Arw Aroz : Madaram Brahma.
(d) Raja Nilambar : Dwarendra Nath Basumatary.
(e) Bibar (Prose section) (Edited by Satish Chandra Basumatary)

Section-B

(a) Gibi Bithai (Aida Nwi) : Bihuram Boro
(b) Radab : Samar Brahma Chaudhury
(c) Okhrang Gongse Nangou : Brajendra Kumar Brahma
(d) Baisagu Arw Harimu : Laksheswar Brahma.
(e) Gwdan Boro : Manoranjan Lahary
(f) Jujaini Or : Chittaranjan Muchahary
(g) Mwihoor : Dharanidhar Wary
(h) Hor Badi Khwmsi : Kamal Kumar Brahma
(i) Jaolia Dewan : Mangal Singh Hozowary
(j) Hagra Guduni Mwi : Nilkamal Brahma.

        ** CHINESE **

PAPER-I

This paper will require the candidates to have a good knowledge of standard Chinese language and its characteristics so as to test the candidate’s organisational capabilities. All the questions except the question on translation from Chinese to English must be answered in Chinese. All the questions carry equal marks.

Section-A

1. Essay writing in about 500 Chinese characters on a topical subject.
2. Translation :
a) Chinese-English
b) English-Chinese
3. Syntactic and grammatical usage.

Section-B

1. Explanation of idioms and phrases in Chinese.
2. Development of Chinese language
3. Comprehension Precis writing.

PAPER-II

This paper will require the candidates to have a good grasp of Chinese studies and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability. All the questions must be answered in Chinese. All the questions carry equal marks.

Section-A

1. Short notes on topics related to major events in modern Chinese history (from 1919 till date).
2. Critical evaluation of major literary works in pre-liberation period (1919-1949) :
a) Lao She : Four Generations, Rickshaw-puller.
b) Ba Jin : Family.
c) Lu Xum : Medicine, Madman’s Diary. The True Story of Ah Q.
d) Mao Dun : Midnight
e) Ai Quing : Coal’s Reply (Mei de Duihua), Begger (Qigai), I Love This Land (Wo Ai Zhe Tudi),Old Man (Laoren)
f) Guo Moruo : The Goddesses.
3. Role of Philosophy and Religion in the Development of Chinese Society.

Section-B

1. Socio-Economic/Political/Educational/ Sports/Science and Technological Development since 1979.
2. Critical appreciation of major literary works in post-liberation period (1949 till date) :
a) Gu Hua : The Town Called Hibiscus (Furongzhen)
b) Chen Rong : Till the Middle Age (Ren dao Zhongnian)
c) Liu Xinwu : The Class-inCharge (Ban Zhuren)
d) Lu Yao : The Human Existence (Rensheng)
e) Ai Qing : Fish Fossil, The Mirror, The Gardener’s Dream, The Hunter Who Drew Birds
f) Shu Ting : Motherland, My Beloved Motherland.

        ** DOGRI **

PAPER-I

History of Dogri Language and Literature

(Answers must be written in Dogri)

Section-A

History of Dogri Language

1. Dogri language : Origin and development through different stages.
2. Linguistic boundaries of Dogri and its dialects.
3. Characteristic features of Dogri language.
4. Structure of Dogri Language :
(a) Sound Structure : Segmental : Vowels and Consonants Non-Segmental : Length, Stress, Nasalization, Tone and Juncture.
(b) Morphology of Dogri :
(i) Inflection Categories : Gender, Number, Case, Person, Tense and Voice.
(ii) Word Formation : use of prefixes,infixes and suffixes.
(iii) Vocabulary : Tatsam, tadbhav, foreign and regional.
(c) Sentence Structure : Major Sentence - types and their constituents, agreement and concord in Dogri syntax.
5. Dogri Language and Scripts : Dogre/ Dogra Akkhar, Devanagari and Persian.

Section-B

History of Dogri Literature :

1. A brief account of Pre-independence Dogri Literature : Poetry & Prose.
2. Development of modern Dogri Poetry and main trends in Dogri Poetry.
3. Development of Dogri short-story, main trends & prominent short-story writers.
4. Development of Dogri Novel, main trends & contribution of Dogri Novelists.
5. Development of Dogri Drama & contribution of prominent Playwrights.
6. Development of Dogri Prose : Essays, Memoirs & Travelogues.
7. An introduction to Dogri Folk literature - Folk songs, Folk tales & Ballads.

Paper-II

Textual Cristisim of Dogri Literature
(Answers must be written in Dogri)

Section-A: Poetry

1. Azadi Paihle Di Dogri Kavita. The following poets : Devi Ditta, Lakkhu, Ganga Ram, Ramdhan, Hardutt, Pahari Gandhi Baba Kanshi Ram & Permanand Almast.
2. Modern Dogri Poetry Azadi Bad Di Dogri Kavita The following poets : Kishan Smailpuri, Tara Smailpuri, Mohan Lal Sapolia, Yash Sharma, K.S. Madhukar, Padma Sachdev, Jitendra Udhampuri, Charan Singh and Prakash Premi.
3. Sheeraza Dogri Number 102, Ghazal Ank. The following poets : Ram Lal Sharma, Ved Pal Deep, N.D. Jamwal, Shiv Ram Deep, Ashwini Magotra and Virendra Kesar.
4. Sheeraza Dogri Number 147, Ghazal Ank The following poets :R.N. Shastri, Jitendra Udhampuri, Champa Sharma and Darshan Darshi.
5. Ramayan (Epic) by Shambhu Nath Sharma (upto Ayodhya Kand)
6. Veer Gulab (Khand Kavya) by Dinoo Bhai Pant.

Section-B: Prose

1. Ajakani Dogri Kahani The following short story writers :Madan Mohan Sharma, Narendra Khajuria and B.P. Sathe.
2. Ajakani Dogri Kahani Part-II The following Short Story writers : Ved Rahi, Narsingh Dev Jamwal, Om Goswami, Chhattrapal, Lalit Magotra, Chaman Arora and Ratan Kesar.
3. Khatha Kunj Bhag II The following Story writers : Om Vidyarthi, Champa Sharma and Krishan Sharma
4. Meel Patthar (collection of short stories) by Bandhu Sharma
5. Kaiddi (Novel) by Desh Bandhu Dogra Nutan
6. Nanga Rukkh (Novel) by O.P. Sharma Sarathi.
7. Nayaan (Drama) by Mohan Singh.
8. Satrang (A collection of one act plays) The following play wrights : Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Ram Nath Shastri, Jitendra Sharma, Lalit Magotra and Madan Mohan Sharma.
9. Dogri Lalit Nibandh The following authors : Vishwa Nath Khajuria, Narayan Mishra, Balkrishan Shastri, Shiv Nath, Shyam Lal Sharma, Lakshmi Narayan, D.C. Prashant, Ved Ghai, Kunwar Viyogi.

          ** ENGLISH **

The syllabus consists of two papers, designed to test a first-hand and critical reading of texts prescribed from the following periods in English Literature :
Paper I : 1600-1900 and
Paper II : 1900-1990.

There will be two compulsory questions in each paper :
a) A short-notes question related to the topics for general study, and
b) A critical analysis of UNSEEN passages both in prose and verse.

PAPER-I

Answers must be written in English. Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics and movements :
The Renaissance : Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and the Mock-epic; Neo-classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel; The Victorian Age

Section-A

1. William Shakespeare : King Lear and The Tempest
2. John Donne. The following poems : Canonization; Death be not proud; The Good Morrow; On his Mistress going to bed; The Relic
3. John Milton : Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX
4. Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock.
5. William Wordsworth. The following poems: Ode on Intimations of Immortality, Tintern Abbey, Three years she grew, She dwelt among untrodden Ways, Michael, Resolution and Independence, The World is too much with us, Milton, thou shouldst be living atthis hour, Upon Westminster Bridge
6.Alfred Tennyson : In Memoriam.
7. Henrik Ibsen : A Doll’s House.

Section-B

1. Jonathan Swift. Gulliver’s Travels.
2. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice.
3. Henry Fielding. Tom Jones.
4. Charles Dickens. Hard Times.
5. George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss.
6. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d’Urbervilles.
7. Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

PAPER-II

Answers must be written in English. Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics and movements :
Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream-of-consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama; Colonialism and Post-Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, Psychoanalytical and Feminist approaches to literature; Post Modernism.

Section-A

1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems: Easter 1916, The Second Coming, A Prayer for my daughter, Sailing to Byzantium, The Tower, Among School Children., Leda and the Swan., Meru, Lapis Lazuli, The Second Coming, Byzantium.
2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems : The Love Song of J.Alfred, Prufrock, Journey of the Magi, Burnt Norton
3. W.H. Auden. The following poems : Partition, Musee des Beaux Arts, in Memory of W.B. Yeats, Lay your sleeping head, my love, The Unknown Citizen, Consider, Mundus Et Infans, The Shield of Achilles, September 1, 1939, Petition.
4. John Osborne : Look Back in Anger.
5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot.
6. Philip Larkin. The following poems : Next, Please, Deceptions, Afternoons, Days, Mr. Bleaney
7. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems : Looking for a Causim on a Swing, A River, Of Mothers, among other Things, Love Poem for a Wife 1, Small-Scale Reflections on a Great House, Obituary
(All these poems are available in the anthology Ten Twentieth Century Indian Poets, edited by R. Parthasarthy, published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi).

Section-B

1. Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim
2. James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.
3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers.
4. E.M. Forster. A Passage to India.
5. Virginia Woolf. Mrs Dalloway.
6. Raja Rao. Kanthapura.
7. V.S. Naipal. A House for Mr. Biswas

      ** FRENCH **

PAPER-I

Answers must be written in French except in the case of question requiring translation from French to English.

Section-A

1. Main trends in French Literature
a) Classicism
b) Rommanticism
c) Realism
2. Art in France
a) Romanticism
b) Realism
c) Impressionism
3. The Vth Republic
(a) De Gaulle and the Vth Republique
(b) May 1968
(c) Pompidou
(d) Giscard d' Estaing
(e) Mitterrand
(f) Chirac
4. Translation : French to English (2 passages of socio-politico-economic nature of 200 words each).

Section-B

1. Main trends in French Literature
a) Symbolism
b) Surrealism
c) Theatre of the Absurd
2. Art in French
a) Surrealism
b) Cubism
c) Abstract Painting
3. The Vth Republic
a) Parts politiques en France
b) Place et rôle du Président de la Ve Republique
c) Le gouvernement
d) Le Parlement
e) Le Senat
4. Translation : English to French 2 passages of socio-politico-economic nature of 200 words each.

PAPER-II

Answers must be written in French

Section-A

This paper will require an in-depth reading of the following texts and the questions will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability.
1. XVIIth Century
a) Corneille : Le Cid
b) Racine : Andromaque
c) Moliere : L’Avare
2. XVIIIth Century
Beaumarchais: Le Mariage de Figaro
3. XIXth Century
a) Lamartine : Le lac Le Vallon
b) Victor Hugo : La Conscience. Elle Avait Pris Ce Pli..... Demain, Dés L' Aube
c) Victor Hugo : Hernani
d) Musset : Souvenir. La Nuit de Decembre
e) Marimee : Colomba
f) Balzac : Eugenie Grandet
g) Flaubert : Madame Bovary
h) Baudelaire : L’Invitation au Voyage, Recueillement. L’Albatros.
i) Rimbaud : Le Dormeur du Val
j) Verlaine : Chanson d’Automne, Mon Reve Familier, II Pleure Dans mon Coeur...

Section-B

4. XXth Century
a) Appolinaire : Nuit Rhenane, Le Pont Mirabeau
b) Jacques Prevert : Pour Faire Le Portrait d’Un Oiseau, Barbara.
c) Paul Eluard : Liberte
d) Paul Valery : Les Pas, La Fileuse
e) Andre Gide : La Symphonie pastorale
f) Camus : L’Etranger
g) Sartre : Les Mains Sales
h) Lonesco : Rhinoceros
Francophonie :
a) Gerard Besette : Le Libraire
b) Ananda Devi : Le Voile de Draupadi
c) Cheikh Hamidou Kane : L’Aventure Ambigiüe
d) Abdellatif Laabi : Poemes en prose
1. L’Arbre a Poemes (L’Etreinte du Monde)
2. Les Reves Viennent mourir sur la page (L’Etreinte du Monde)
5. Essay of general nature on a contemporary theme.

        ** GERMAN **

PAPER-I

Answers must be written in German

Section-A

1. Structure of Language : Candidates are expected to have a thorough knowledge of German grammar with reference to specific aspects such as word order, syntactic structures and semantics.
2. Essay in German : Candidates are expected to demonstrate command over techniques of written expression in German by writing an essay on a contemporary topic of a general nature.

Section-B

1. Translation of a text of a general nature from English into German.
2.Socio-political and cultural history of Germany from the 18th century onwards with special reference to :
a. Impact of Enlightenment on German society and culture
b. The impact of Prussian culture on Germany.
c. Cultural debates in the Weimar Republic.
d. The concept of culture under National Socialism in Germany.
e. The development of two German literatures and cultures after 1945.
f. Reunification of Germany and the problems of cultural pluralism.
g. The role and relevance of German language and literature in the European Union.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in German)

Section-A

1. Development of German literature from the 19th century to the present. Candidates should know the main trends, representative authors and their important works. The emphasis is not on collecting information on works and authors, but the candidate is expected to identify features of a literary epoch on the basis of representative texts.
2. The Study of literary genres: Candidates must be aware of the characteristic features of the different genres like Roman, Novelle, Drama, Ballade, Elegie, Marchen, Fabein, Kurzgeschichte.

Section-B

1. Perceptions of Literary Interpretation: Candidates should be aware of various approaches to a critical understanding of literature.
2. Study of Selected Texts.
a. Goethe : Die Leiden des jungen Werther.
b. Schiller : Maria Stuart.
c. Eichendorff. Gedichte.
d. Gottfried Keller : Kleider machen Leute.
e. Thomas Mann : Die vertauschten Kopfe.
f. Franz Kafka : Vor Dem Gesetz.
g. Friedrich Durrenmatt : Die Physiker.
h. Max Frisch : Andorra.
i. Heinrich Boll : Die verlorence Ehre der Katharina Blum.
j. Ingeborg Bachmann : Alles (aus dem Erzahlband :Das dreBigste Jahr)
k. Rose Auslander : Gedichte.
l. Christa Wolf : Der geteilte Himmel.
m. Gunter Grass : Zunge zeigen.

        ** GUJARATI **

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Gujarati)

Section-A

Gujarati Language : Form and history
1. History of Gujarati Language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last one thousand years.
2. Significant features of the Gujarati language: Phonology, morphology and syntax.
3. Major dialects: Surti, Pattani, charotari and Saurashtri.

History of Gujarati Literature

Medieval :
4. Jaina tradition
5. Bhakti tradition: Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi)
6. Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara)
Modern:
7. Sudharak yug
8. Pandit yug
9. Gandhi yug
10. Anu-Gandhi yug
11. Adhunik yug

Section-B

Literary Forms : (Salient features, history and development of the following literary forms):

(a) Medieval
1. Narratives: Rasa, Akhyan and
Padyavarta
2. Lyrical: Pada
(b) Folk
3. Bhavai
(c) Modern
4. Fiction: Novel and short story
5. Drama
6. Literary Essay
7. Lyrical Poetry
(d) Criticism
8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism
9. Recent research in folk tradition.

PAPER-II

(Answers must be written in Gujarati)

The paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidate.

Section-A

1. Medieval
(i) Vasantvilas phagu-AJNATKRUT
(ii) Kadambari-BHALAN
(iii) Sudamacharitra-PREMANAND
(iv) Chandrachandravatini varta-SHAMAL
(v) Akhegeeta-AKHO
2. Sudharakyug & Pandityug
(vi) Mari Hakikat-NARMADASHANKAR DAVE
(vii) Farbasveerah- DALPATRAM
(viii)Saraswatichandra-Part-I GOVARDHANRAM TRIPATHI
(ix) Purvalap- 'KANT' (MANISHANKAR RATNAJI BHATT)
(x) Raino Parvat-RAMANBHAI NEELKANTH

Section-B

1. Gandhiyug & Anu Gandhiyug
(i) Hind Swaraj-MOHANDAS KARMACHAND GANDHI
(ii) Patanni Prabhuta- KANHAIYALAL MUNSHI
(iii) Kavyani Shakti- RAMNARAYAN VISH-WANATH PATHAK
(iv) Saurashtrani Rasdhar Part 1- ZAVERCHAND MEGHANI
(v) Manvini Bhavai-PANNALAL PATEL
(vi) Dhvani-RAJENDRA SHAH
2. Adhunik yug
(vii) Saptapadi-UMASHANKAR JOSHI
(viii)Janantike- SURESH JOSHI
(ix) Ashwatthama- SITANSHU YASHASCHANDRA

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